Taking fairness on rules，right，opportunities and distributive outcome as a framework，the current study explored the status，characteristic and socio-psychological consequences of fairness from four aspects：judiciary and political rights，regional treatment area，educational system and resource distribution. The data is from “Chinese Social Survey” conducted in 2013 by the Institute of Sociology of CASS. The results showed that the feeling of fairness on the educational system is the strongest，followed by the feeling of fairness on judiciary and political rights and fairness on resource distribution，and the feeling of fairness on regional treatment is the weakest. Feelings of fairness differ in demographic variables. Feelings of fairness in different field can produce a wide range of social and psychological effects，such as affecting the overall feeling of fairness，the evaluation of local government，social trust，expected standard of living，expected national strength，satisfaction with life and social emotions.