Based on the 2015 Chinese Social Survey，the paper analyzes and measures the willingness of childbearing and childbearing plan among childbearing-age population，and compares the result with the 2011 survey. The paper finds that the life-long childbearing level among childbearing-age population is below the replacement level. And with the decrease of age，the average number of children among childbearing-age population is within 1.7. The ideal number of children is below 2，and the willingness of childbearing has decreased with age. The willingness of childbearing difference between urban and rural residents has been stabilized，and the gap is narrowing with the decrease of age. Low income group has higher willingness of childbearing，and regarding regional difference，the north-eastern area has the lowest willingness of childbearing，with the ideal number of children as 1.76. Regarding age difference，people more than 40 have very low probability of childbearing. And more than 88% among this age group said they did not have willingness of childbearing. Among people who have willingness of childbearing of second child，less than 70% said they would give birth within five years.