Under the background of government’s policy towards agriculture，farmers and rural area，collecting information relating to farmers’ living condition，production activities，and social attitude will be useful to respond and solve issues regarding agriculture，farmers and rural area with solid policy recommendations. This paper uses data from the 2015 Chinese Social Survey，and carries out analysis on the following characteristics of the peasants’ population：education level，marital status，living and housing condition，working condition，social welfare coverage，and problems and expectations.