During the past year，China faced some new challenges to maintain its border security. First，in order to continue its hegemony in the Asian-Pacific region，the United States strengthened its rebalancing strategy and intensified Sino-US competition. Second，the initiatives by the Abe government，for instance，to revise the pacifist constitution and to promote military expansion in order to alter the postwar system and to contain the rise of China，exacerbated antagonism in Sino-Japanese relations. Third，with the reinforcement of interference in extraterritorial powers，legal disputes，and the arms race，marine territorial issues became increasingly serious. Fourth，some regional hot issues weakened the stability in China’s periphery. In addition，China’s willingness and ability to shape its border security environment was strengthened，The “One Belt，One Road” initiatives now facing new opportunities as well as new challenges.