Regional innovation capability has gradually become the determinant of regional competitive advantage. And it has become an important engine for economic development. This chapter establishes an index system to measure regional innovation capabilities，which include four aspects：innovation environment，innovation resources，innovation outputs and innovation benefits. Based on data of 1999-2013，we analyze the innovation capabilities in different region in China. Then we use principal component analysis to comprehensively analyze the condition of regional innovation capability of each provincial area. Based on the results we provide some suggestions to improve regional innovation capabilities. <<