The rapid transformation in Chinese society promotes the continuous evolution and reconstruction of social structure. Appropriate social class structure and social mobility facilitates the solving of social conflicts and maintains the social harmony. Via telephone survey，the Social Survey Center of the Public Opinion Research Laboratory in Shanghai Jiao Tong University investigated the social class identification and social mobility issues from 36 cities in China. The results showed that about ninety percent of the residents identified themselves as middle classes or lower classes. Groups got highly education and highly income identified themselves as upper classes. From the perspective of social life，people who had the identification of higher social classes would perceive more happiness，career safety，and social justice. From the perspective of social mobility，almost sixty percent of the participants thought their social status were higher compared to their parents；half of the participants thought the class mobility channels were fairly clear；students thought the class mobility is difficult. Over sixty percent of the participants believed that their status would be higher in the next five years，and people under 29 years old had more confidence on upward social mobility. Most participants believed that education and personal characteristics were the main factors that drive the social class mobility. Factors affecting the social class identification included personal income，frustrations，and happiness；factors associated with personal assessment toward social class mobility involved happiness，frustrations，social justice，and social safety；age and happiness influenced one’s prediction toward social class mobility.