This paper suggests that the core of public environment rights is the ecology substantive rights，which is the public enjoyment of the healthy，clean and good environment.The right to know the environment information，the participation to environment decision，the claim to environmental damages and the supervision of environment are the procedure guarantee to realize the public environmental rights.This paper through making a summary of policies，laws，progress and problems that our country to protect public environmental right，analyzing the theory and system obstacles to realize the public environmental right，puts forward that environmental legislation first，strengthening the government environmental responsibility and the path choice of realization public environmental right diversified.