According to the sixth national census data released by China’s National Bureau of Statistics，the older age group in Chinese society is becoming a large group.Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of older people is not only an important part of the development of China’s human rights，but also the core of constructing a harmonious society.China’s protection of human rights of the elders has made significant progress in many areas.But there are still many problems and challenges.This report uses data compilation，data analysis and other methods .It summarizes many achievements of China in 2011，including the Aging Development Planning，protection of the rights of the elderly，social security system，health care，pension services，living environment and cultural life.The report analyses the affects caused by the aging of population on Chinese economic development，the insufficient aspects of protecting the rights of the elderly，and many problems in the social old-age security，social pension and the older products industry.At last，the report predicts the future of the rights of older persons based on the realities of China.It suggests improving the basic principle of protecting the rights of the elderly in China.It gives some specific suggestions for the improvement of protecting the older persons in legislation，judicature and administration.