日本新安保法由两项重要的子法组成,即由一揽子法捆绑修改而成的《和平安全法制整备法》与新立的《国际和平支援法》。新安保法出台的背景中,安倍久推的“无缝应对型”安全法制体系建设、新时期日美同盟强化工程亟须法制保障,是两个值得关注的内部成因。有关集体自卫权部分解禁的安倍内阁决议与新版《日美防卫合作指针》,对其后新安保法的框架、指向和内容产生了明显的引导与规范作用。新安保法通过后,日本得以完善其安全保障法制体系,基本建立了覆盖各事态阶段、远近地理范围与对外合作领域的安全法规无缝机制;并且,新安保法通过后,自卫队业务大幅扩容,其通过全球多边范围行使集体自卫权和提供后勤支援在应对四种“新事态”,即灰色地带事态、重要影响事态、存亡危机事态以及国际和平共同应对事态之际的可为之举将大幅增加。未来日本仍将受到诸多限制,落实新安保法不可能一步到位,但安保法的文本设计及其“解释空间”留下了诸多模糊性与可操作性,其产生的后续影响,不能不引起世人高度关注。
<<Japan’s new security related laws consists of two fundamental laws,referring to the Peace and Security Maintenance Law,which is a package of revised laws,and the newly proposed International Peacekeeping Assistance Law. Besides the external driving factors,the new security related laws are based on the internal driving factors such as the overall and “seamless” buildup of security related legislation launched by the Abe administration,as well as the demand of the strengthening of Japan-U.S alliance for a legal guarantee. The cabinet decision on collective self-defense right and the new Guidelines of Japan-U.S Defense Cooperation has an essential impact on the framework,orientation and stipulation of the new security laws. Theoretically speaking,the passing of the new security laws enable Japan to promote its system of security legislation,which in general covers all stages of situations within all types of geographic scopes and areas of international cooperation in a seamless way. The new security laws also extends the role and obligation of JSDF of exercising collective self-defense right in global and multilateral military cooperation and providing logistics support,in the context of four kinds of “new situations” respectively concerning the “gray-zone”,threat to survival,important influence on peace and stability and collective international response. In the future there will be still restriction on Japan’s military policy,and the new security laws can not be fully implemented within a step. However,the text design and the “space for further explanation” of the laws mean ambiguity and operability,which is worth paying attention to.
<<Keywords: | JapanNew Security Related LawsBreakthrough in LegislationResponding in a Seamless WayNormalization in Defense and Military Buildup |