本文收集了北京发布的《每月“科学”流言榜》中的98条辟谣信息,并根据以往辟谣实证研究成果分析了每条辟谣信息的构成要素及其理论效果。笔者发现:①只有29%的辟谣信息介绍了来源,其中约有89%的来源被认定为可信的;②所有辟谣信息都包含了可能导致受众将谣言错记为“真相”的谣言介绍;③大约65%的辟谣信息包含了直接反驳谣言的内容,其中11%的反驳可能导致受众更加相信谣言;④大约82%的辟谣信息包含了真相陈述的内容,其中只有4%的真相陈述包含了受众信谣原因分析,而这种分析可以显著降低谣言的影响;⑤只有23%的辟谣信息包含了反向情愫唤起的内容,也就是说77%的辟谣信息可能无法彻底消除谣言对受众行为的影响。
<<This paper collected 98 pieces of rumor denials from Monthly List of Rumor about “science” issued by Beijing,and analyzed constitute elements of every rumor denials and their theoretical effect according to results of previous rumor empirical research. Results indicated that:① Only 29% of rumor denials introduce source,of which about 89% can be deemed to be trusted;② All rumor denials contain introduction of rumors which may lead audience to recall rumor as “truth”;③ About 65% of rumor denials contains rumors refuting,of which 11% may lead audience to believe rumors more;④ About 82% of rumor denials contain statements of truth,of which only 4% contain analysis of reason of audience believing rumors,which can reduce impact of rumors significantly. ⑤ Only 23% of rumor denials contain arousal of reverse emotion,in other words,77% of rumor denials couldn’t eliminate effect of rumors to behavior of audience completely.
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