In recent years，many Chinese enterprises have actively participated in the infrastructure construction，cooperation of energy and mineral resources development as well as manufacture investment in Africa. Subsequently，the main sectors of Chinese enterprises investments with rapid growth are construction，mining industry，financial and manufacturing. However，there are lots of challenges for Chinese enterprises for further development in Africa as well. On the one hand，in many African countries，the nation’s investment environment is harsh due to the lower bases for development，and the political and security risks remain high. On the other hand，there are many shortcomings of Chinese enterprises brought by the structure of investment，obstacles of culture and language，as well as some undesirable behavior patterns. Moreover，the negative influence of the global economy downward trend will bring more challenges. Advices for Chinese government and enterprise are also provided separately as follows. The government should direct the overseas investments properly，pay more attention to create better investment environment by cooperating with African countries and support the Chinese enterprise to improve development abilities. For Chinese enterprises，effective measures should be seriously considered and taken to seize opportunities and to avoid challenges in Africa. More importantly，the Chinese enterprises should practice social responsibilities more for shaping better public images.