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王伟光
    男,汉族,1950年2月出生,山东海阳人。1967年11月参加工作,1972年11月加入中国共产党,博士研究生学... 详情>>
李 扬
    1951年9月出生,籍贯安徽,1981年、1984年、1989年分别于安徽大学、复旦大学、中国人民大学获经济学学... 详情>>
李培林
    男,山东济南人。博士,研究员,中国社会科学院副院长,中国社会学会副会长,中国社会科学院社会学研究所副所长。《社会... 详情>>

    深化改革的新议题:公共服务与社会发育

    摘要

    《上海社会发展报告(2008)》是以“公共服务与社会发育”为主题编辑的。报告认为:“公共服务”与“社会发育”是市场化改革以来重要的社会后果和解决社会经济永续发展中的紧迫问题,已成为中国下一步改革所面临的最重要的议题。本届上海市政府(2003~2007)从开始就提出要实现一个“责任政府、服务政府、法治政府”的目标,市场化改革所带来的资源分散化、利益多元化、需求多样化的结果也促成了上海对社会部门组织参与公共服务和社会管理的关注。上海在扩大公共服务和促使社会发育中五个主要问题:(1)政府作为公共服务的第一责任人(“政府负责”),需要提高公共服务方面的资源投入。(2)破解城乡二元结构的难题,寻求城乡公共服务的一体化发展。(3)需要切实转变观念,扩大对外来从业人员的公共服务。(4)深化社会体制改革,再造基层社区组织。(5)在市场化转型的背景下重新定位政府与社会组织的关系。 <<
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    Abstract

    The focus of the Annual Report on Social Development of Shanghai(2008) is on the public service and social development. The report argues that China’s admission to the World Trade Organization marked that China had made major accomplishment in realizing its market economic reforms,and in the meantime,“social development” and “public service” are the most important social consequences associated with China’s economic reforms and have become the most urgent issues facing China in achieving its sustainable socioeconomic development for the future. This term’s Shanghai government (2003-2007) has made it clear at the beginning that its goal is to realize a “responsible,service-oriented,and rule of law government.” In addition,the divergence of resources,polarization of interests,and diversification of needs as a result of the market economic reforms have also contributed to the increasing attention on the importance of social organizations to participate in the public service and social governance in Shanghai.

    The report raised five major issues that Shanghai faces in the process of expanding its public service and promoting social development:

    · As the primary public service provider (“government responsibility”),the government should increase its resources devoting to the public service. The government should not only enhance public finance for providing public service,but also should plan to deliver state capitals and social public funds to further develop the public service work.

    · Resolve the structural differences of urban and rural areas,and try to develop a unified social service model for both urban and rural areas. The reforms of Pudong New Region have offered some good experience in this regard.

    · Shift attitudes and enlarge the public service for people working in Shanghai while migrating from other parts of the country. Prioritize different target groups and ultimately realize the objective of “everyone equally enjoys the public service.”

    · Further reform social system and rebuild grassroots level community organizations. The community construction should contain the developments of organizational networks of the Party-Politics (dangzheng),corporations,and society. “Good governance” should start from the community level.

    · In the context of marketization,China needs to redefine the relationship between the government and social organizations. The society is no longer a “subordinate” of the government,but is an independent entity in the public service and can become a coordinated force in social governance.

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    作者简介
    卢汉龙:上海社会科学院社会学所研究员, 华东师范大学社会学系教授。中国社会学会副会长, 享受国务院特殊津贴专家, 上海市人民政府参事。主要研究领域为应用社会学理论和发展社会学。主持上海社会科学院社会转型与社会发展重点学科建设。在现代化与社会结构转型、社会指标与生活质量、消费文化与时间分配、就业与社会阶层、都市化与社区理论研究方面均广有建树。先后在美国纽约州立大学、杜克大学、明尼苏达大学、康奈尔大学、耶鲁大学、布朗大学和英国社会发展研究院等著名学府从事过讲学和客座研究工作。专长于社会统计与社会调查, 并在将社会学实证研究方法推广于决策研究方面有积极贡献, 在国内外社会学界和决策咨询方面均享有良好声誉。同时也担任英国《社会学》( Sociology) 杂志国际编委, 香港《中国评论》( ChinaReview) 杂志编委, 香港人文社会研究所顾问, 中国城市国际研究网络理事等学术职务。
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