Rural teachers in our country have a long history of development. Since the founding of the PRC，through the initial establishment，ups and downs development，expansion and adjustment，the system of management and other stages，by 2015，China has formed a rural teacher group with a total of 3 million 300 thousand rural teachers. But several problems still overall quality of rural teachers is low，the distribution structure is irrational，poor wages，serious loss，formation of substitute teacher groups and so on. By 2015，with “rural teachers support program（2015～2020）” as driving force，local government introduce a series of rural teacher support measures，enhancing the protection of the rights of rural teachers with Rural Teachers’ basic living standard implementation promote comprehensively，protection of social security right achieve some progress，protection of the right to work achieve substantial improvement，protection of rural teachers’ personality dignity achieve effective implementation. But protecting the rights of rural teachers also faces several challenges：crawling introduction of supporting measures，short of long-term training system and the substitute teacher lefts unsolved problems.