Population，resources and environment are three basic elements for the harmonious development of a city. Through validation of Kuznets’ curve，and calculation of moderate population and ecological footprint of Guangzhou，this paper analyzes the relationship among the population，resources and environment of Guangzhou. This paper concludes that the population size，resources carrying capacity and environment capacity appear close to their peek，Kuznets’ curve are transiting to the right half of inverted-U shape curve. In order to obtain sustainable development，Guangzhou should deal well with the relationship among economic social development，population，resources and environment，especially pay care natural capital. <<