In recent years，under the unified arrangement of the Central Government，all the minority-concentrated regions actively enhanced the building of rural social old-age insurance system，which plays an important role in preventing and alleviating poverty of rural old people. The role is mainly embodied in the following aspects：full coverage of the system makes farmers in the regions generally gain the opportunity of pension protection；establishment of basic old-age pension enhances inclusion and equity of rural social old-age insurance system；lift of funds-raising level is favorable for raising treatment level for rural old people in the regions；input of public funds plays active role in preventing and alleviating poverty of rural old people in the regions；and special supports to special groups are favorable for realizing income redistribution and anti-poverty effect of the old-age insurance system.