It has been more than two years that the work of population regulation was carried out in Shanghai from 2014. The effect of population regulation is initial appearance. At the end of 2015，the number of permanent residents in Shanghai was decreased by 104100 comparing with that in 2014. This is the first negative growth in the resident population of Shanghai since the reform and opening-up policy. But there are still some problems about Shanghai population regulation work in the management system，laws and regulations，measures and staffing. It has not established the legalization and marketization of long-term regulation mechanism. This paper investigated different types of population regulation forms in the four areas of Hongkou，Putuo，Yangpu，Minhang. It is summarized that the achievements and problems of the population regulation and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions of establishing a long-term mechanism of population regulation.