Based oninterview data collected between December 2013 and August 2014，the study constructs a four-dimensional qualitative research framework and analyzes institutional，socio-economic，cultural and psychological barriers migrant children face in improving academic achievement in the compulsory education period. It elaborates academic difficulties migrant children have encountered with detailed case materials. The essay offers policy suggestions about how to address education barriers migrant children face，which hopefully may bring some inspirations about education development for migrant children in China.