In this paper，China’s prefecture hospitals service ability has been evaluated comprehensively. From the regional distribution of Top 100/300500 China’s prefecture hospitals，eastern and middle part of China is in the lead. In addition，Guangdong and Jiangsu are better than any other provinces. There is also great development in size and ability of Top 100 prefecture hospitals. Among them，number of discharged patients，amount of operations and hospital equipment assets increase a lot. However，human resource growth is relatively slow. The prefecture hospitals could improve their comprehensive competitiveness by improving efficiency and increasing human resources.