Is the key to enhance the comprehensive national strength, science and technology innovation in this paper, on the basis of the national innovation ability index system of comprehensive measure, from the innovation environment, innovation resources, innovation and efficiency in four areas to investigate the development of innovative ability.First of all, using principal component analysis (pca) for 1991 ~ 2014 national innovation ability scores and comprehensive scores in every field, and by using curvilinear regression method is obtained in 2020, 2030 and 2050 national innovation ability of forecast, in dynamic situation and the evolution tendency of the development of innovation ability in our country.Secondly, the use of system clustering, the transverse and longitudinal analysis, summed up the stage characteristics of the innovation ability development of our country: from 1991 to 1999 as the start stage, from 2000 to 2007 as accelerating stage, from 2008 to 2014 for the steady development stage.Finally, China science and technology innovation pursued index design, in order to objectively reflect China's innovation ability and the innovation power gap in the United States.Results show that the main factor of restricting our innovation ability promotion is the use efficiency of innovation resources and innovation of economic conversion rate is too low.