Policy decision based on data is the inevitable choice for the modernization of the government’s management ability in the era of big data. And it is imperative that the public’s culture be accurate meeting by the national level data of people’s basic cultural participation. This article first review The Survey System of Public Participation in the Arts by the United States National Art Foundation. Then the paper carries out the case study based on the data function value of the investigation system. Finally，the paper puts forward some suggestions on establishing the survey system of Chinese public culture participation population.