In recent years，China's road traffic has developed rapidly.But with the rapid growth of motor vehicles and the increasein the number of drivers，the road traffic safety management faces new requirements and challenges.This paper expounds the current situation，the risks and the future development of China's road traffic safety in 2016 from three aspects：current situation，risk and future favorable conditions.In 2016，the overall situation of road safety in China was better：the increase of motor vehicles in the year reached 16 million units；the vehicle type structure was improved continuously；the small passenger cars became the leader in growth of motor vehicles；the increase of motor vehicle drivers in the country increased 30.2 million；the overall technical condition of the road improved greatly；group death in the accidentcontinued to be reduced.But at the same time China's road safety is also facing risks，such as heavy road traffic accident prevention，illegal motor vehicle production and conversion，passenger and freight transport operations，the three illegal actions of small and mini buses （illegal conversion，illegal operation，and overload） in rural areas，the safety operation of travel buses and hazardous chemicals transport etc..This paper also expounds the favorable aspects of the future development of road traffic in China by accelerating the process of modernization of national governance ability，improving the application level of science and technology and the quality of civilized transportation.