On March 2007，“The Report of Yangtze River’s protection and development 2007” was presented to the public which was also called “the report of physical examination” of Yangtze River.Nowadays，the ecological problem of Yangtze River has drawn worldwide attention.Hence，based on “The Report of Yangtze River’s protection and development 2007”，this article analyzes the problems of hydropower development in Yangtze River，the impact of the Three Gorges Project on local ecology and the ecological change of the Yangtze River.