What on earth is the cause of continuing deterioration of Inner Mongolia grassland？Can we stop and reverse the worse tendency of the relation between people and land in Mongolia grassland by transferring of population，reducing the livestock？The author of the paper carried out an conclusion that the fundamental cause of the ecological deterioration in Mongolia grassland is not “over-grazing”，but “over-increasing of livestock” as a result of the policy of administrative division and contracting grassland to households as well as the reckless activities of non-herdsmen.The effective rescue measures for grasslands will have to be a new approach and new steps for proper solutions.